Cancer doesn’t just affect the body; its emotional impact can be equally devastating. From the moment of diagnosis, patients face fear, uncertainty, and, in many cases, depression. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), between 20% and 25% of oncology patients develop clinically significant depressive disorders. This article explores how depression manifests in this context, the associated risk factors, and how the psycho-oncologist plays an essential role in its management.
Cancer: A physical and emotional challenge
Cancer is not just a medical illness; it transforms the patient’s life at all levels. The diagnosis can drastically alter the perception of control, triggering emotions such as fear and hopelessness. Furthermore, factors like chronic pain, treatment side effects, and the loss of social roles further complicate this experience.
Depression in oncology patients should not be confused with fleeting sadness. It is a profound disorder that affects mood, the ability to enjoy life, and, in many cases, adherence to treatment. Ignoring these emotional aspects can have serious consequences.
What is Depression in oncology patients?
Depression in this context is characterized by emotional, physical, and cognitive symptoms that significantly interfere with the patient’s life. It is not simply a normal reaction to cancer; it is a condition that requires professional attention.
Common Risk Factors
Depression in cancer patients is the result of a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors:
- Biological
- Chronic pain.
- Extreme fatigue and physical weakness.
- Psychological
- Hopelessness and lack of control over life.
- Alterations in self-image after surgeries or treatments.
- Anticipatory anxiety about disease progression.
- Social
- Social isolation.
- Financial problems related to treatment.
- Changes in family and work roles.
- Neurochemical changes due to the disease and its treatments.
Symptoms and consequences of Oncological depression
Depression in cancer patients can be difficult to diagnose because many symptoms coincide with the physical effects of treatment, such as fatigue and insomnia. However, its impact can be devastating:
- Treatment Adherence: Depressed patients are less likely to follow medical instructions.
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Pain Perception: Depression can amplify the sensation of physical pain.
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Quality of Life: Significantly reduces overall well-being.
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Survival: Studies have shown that untreated depression can decrease survival rates by affecting the immune system.
The Psycho-oncologist: Pillar of emotional management in Oncology
Psycho-oncology focuses on the psychological and social aspects of cancer. The psycho-oncologist not only supports the patient but also works with their families and the medical team to ensure a comprehensive approach.
Functions of the Psycho-oncologist
The psycho-oncologist accompanies the patient at each stage of oncological treatment:
- Diagnosis